Progress in Plant Protection

Ocena przydatności mikroorganizmów i krzemu do zaprawiania ziarna pszenicy z przeznaczeniem dla rolnictwa ekologicznego
Usefulness of microorganisms and silicon for the treatment of wheat seeds in organic farming

Joanna Krzymińska, e-mail: j.krzyminska@iorpib.poznan.pl

Instytut Ochrony Roślin – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Władysława Węgorka 20, 60-318 Poznań, Polska
Abstract

Do głównych patogenów pszenicy należy Fusarium spp. Grzyb ten przyczynia się do poważnych strat w plonie, jak również często stanowi przyczynę znacznego pogorszenia jakości materiału siewnego. W zapobieganiu chorobom fuzaryjnym najważniejszy jest zdrowy materiał siewny oraz właściwe zaprawianie – najskuteczniejsza i najłatwiejsza metoda ochrony roślin. Niestety w rolnictwie ekologicznym dobór odpowiednich substancji jest ograniczony przez zakaz stosowania zapraw chemicznych. Celem badań była ocena wybranych, dostępnych produktów handlowych zawierających konsorcjum mikroorganizmów oraz krzem. Wykorzystano ziarno pszenicy jarej, odmiany Arabella. Oceniono kiełkowanie ziarna, zdrowotność siewek oraz ich rozwój. Zastosowanie zaprawy Panoramix wpłynęło negatywnie na zdolność kiełkowania ziarna. Zarówno zaprawianie mikrobiologiczne, jak i krzemem zwiększyło wysokość źdźbła oraz ograniczyło porażenie roślin w porównaniu do niezaprawionej kontroli. Dla testowanych zapraw zgodnych z wymaganiami rolnictwa ekologicznego uzyskano wyniki porównywalne z zaprawą chemiczną.

 

Fusarium spp. as one of the main pathogens of wheat contributes to yield loss and is carried with the plant material. To prevent Fusarium caused diseases, healthy seed material and proper seed treatment are essential. Unfortunately, in the organic farming the selection of appropriate substances is limited due to a ban on chemical seed treatment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the available commercial products containing a consortium of microorganisms and silicon. Spring wheat grain of the Arabella cultivar was used. The germination of grain, the health of seedlings and their development were assessed. Panoramix seed treatment had a negative effect on the germination capacity of the grain. Both the microbiological and silicon treatments increased the ear weight, the height of the stalk and reduced the infestation of the plants compared to the untreated control group. For the tested treatments, compliant with the requirements of organic farming, the obtained results were comparable to the chemical treatment.

Key words
Fusarium; pszenica; zaprawianie; rolnictwo ekologiczne; krzem; mikroorganizmy; wheat; seed treatment; organic farming; silicon; microorganisms
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Progress in Plant Protection (2021) 61: 62-67
First published on-line: 2021-03-15 07:01:13
http://dx.doi.org/10.14199/ppp-2021-007
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