Żółta karłowatość jęczmienia (ŻKJ) jest jedną z najgroźniejszych chorób wirusowych upraw zbóż na świecie. Głównym sprawcą tej choroby w Polsce jest wirus żółtej karłowatości jęczmienia PAS (barley yellow dwarf virus-PAS, BYDV-PAS), który był najczęściej wykrywany w porażonych roślinach jęczmienia. Jedyną formą rozprzestrzeniania się ŻKJ w środowisku jest przenoszenie wirusa przez wektory owadzie. Celem badań była ocena przenoszenia BYDV-PAS przez mszycę czeremchowo-zbożową (Rhopalosiphum padi) i mszycę różano-trawową (Metopolophium dirhodum) na rośliny trzech odmian jęczmienia, w warunkach szklarniowych. Infekcyjność wektorów potwierdzono poprzez wykrycie obecności BYDV-PAS bezpośrednio w ciele owadów oraz w roślinach, na których one żerowały, z wykorzystaniem reakcji odwrotnej transkrypcji i łańcuchowej reakcji polimeryzacji (RT-PCR) oraz sekwencjonowania. Do oceny wydajności transmisji wirusa przez badane gatunki mszyc na różne odmiany jęczmienia zastosowano test enzymo-immunologiczny (DAS-ELISA). Wyniki badań wykazały różnice w skuteczności przenoszenia BYDV-PAS przez R. padi (100%) i M. dirhodum (60,87–75,56%). Nie stwierdzono istotnych różnicw reakcji badanych odmian jęczmienia na zakażenie BYDV-PAS.

Barley yellow dwarf disease (BYD) is one of the most dangerous viral diseases of cereal crops worldwide. Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAS (BYDV-PAS) is the main causal agent of this disease in Poland and is most frequently detected in infected barley plants. The only means of BYD spread in the environment is through virus transmission by insect vectors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the transmission of BYDV-PAS by bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi) and rose grain aphid (Metopolophium dirhodum) to plants of three barley cultivars under greenhouse conditions. The infectivity of the vectors was confirmed by detecting the presence of BYDV-PAS directly in the bodies of the insects as well as in the plants on which they fed, using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequencing. To assess the efficiency of virus transmission by the studied aphid species to different barley cultivars, a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) was used. The results showed differences in the effectiveness of BYDV-PAS transmission by R. padi (100%) and M. dirhodum (60.87–75.56%). No significant differences were found in the response of the tested barley cultivars to BYDV-PAS infection.

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