Celem niniejszych badań było porównanie wpływu cząstek tlenku miedzi (CuxO) oraz nanocząstek tlenku miedzi (CuxO NPs) na wzrostin vitro wybranych patogenów roślinnych: Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea i Fusarium oxysporum. W eksperymencie in vitro patogeny hodowane były na pożywce PDA zmodyfikowanej dodatkiem CuxO lub CuxO NPs w stężeniu 0, 100, 200, 500, 1000 lub 2000 mg/l. Zarów­no CuxO, jak i CuxO NPs znacząco ograniczały wzrost grzybni wszystkich testowanych patogenów. W stosunku do A. alternata inhibicyjne działanie miało zastosowanie CuxO NPs w stężeniu 500 mg/l, ograniczające wzrost patogenu średnio o 76,64% w stosunku do kontroli.W przypadku B. cinerea odnotowano podobną zależność, zastosowane CuxO NPs w stężeniu 500 mg/l ograniczyło wzrost patogenu średnio o 70,94% i było najbardziej skuteczne. W przypadku F. oxysporum zastosowanie 1000 i 2000 mg/l CuxO NPs lub 2000 mg/l CuxO było skuteczne w ograniczeniu wzrostu grzybni patogenu, a inhibicja wyniosła blisko 100%. Chociaż CuxO NPs wykazały obiecujące właści­wości przeciwgrzybicze, konieczne są dalsze badania w celu oceny ich aktywności in vivo, wpływu na środowisko, akumulacji w tkankach roślinnych i potencjalnej toksyczności dla innych organizmów. Zrozumienie, w jaki sposób te nanocząstki oddziałują na środowisko oraz jakie są ich szlaki degradacji ma kluczowe znaczenie dla ich bezpiecznego stosowania w rolnictwie.

The study aimed to compare the effect of CuxO micro- and nanoparticles (CuxO NPs) on the in vitro growth of selected plant pathogens: Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, and Fusarium oxysporum. In the in vitro experiment, pathogens were cultured on the PDA medium supplemented with CuxO or CuxO NPs at the concentration of 0, 100, 200, 500, 1000, or 2000 mg/l. Both CuxO and CuxO NPs significantly inhibited mycelial growth in all tested pathogens. In A. alternata, treatment with 500 mg/l of CuxO NPs was the most effective, reducing pathogen growth by an average of 76.64% compared to the control. A similar trend was observed in B. cinerea, where treatment with 500 mg/l CuxO NPs reduced pathogen growth by an average of 70.94%, indicating it as the most effective concentration. In contrast,F. oxysporum was only inhibited by 1000 and 2000 mg/l CuxO NPs or 2000 mg/l CuxO, which resulted in almost 100% growth inhibition. Although CuxO NPs showed promising antifungal properties, further study is necessary to evaluate their in vivo activity, environmental impact, plant tissue accumulation, and potential toxicity to non-target organisms. Understanding how these nanoparticles interact with the environment and their degradation pathways is vital for their safe application in agriculture.

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