W pracy przedstawiono najważniejsze zagadnienia dotyczące hodowli odpornościowej jabłoni na zarazę ogniową stwarzającej ogromne możliwości zwiększenia efektywności produkcji jabłek bez użycia innych metod ochrony, w tym metody chemicznej. Fenotypową ocenę podatności genotypów jabłoni na chorobę prowadzi się w oparciu o obserwacje występowania objawów w warunkach polowych i/lub obiektach zamkniętych np. w szklarni. Narzędziem przyspieszającym proces hodowli są metody biologii molekularnej, w tym identyfika­cja markerów odporności oraz biotechnologia. W programach hodowlanych prowadzonych w różnych ośrodkach na świecie wykorzystuje się dzikie gatunki rodzaju Malus oraz uprawiane odmiany jabłoni. Wyhodowano już podkładki jabłoni z bardzo wysoką odpornością na zarazę ogniową (USA) oraz szereg odmian parchoodpornych wykazujących również wysoką odporność na chorobę (Niemcy, Szwajcaria). W Polsce w ostatnich latach wyhodowano dwa genotypy jabłoni, odmianę Early Szampion i klon nr 69 (J-2003-05), charakteryzujące się bardzo wysoką odpornością oraz wytwarzające atrakcyjne i smaczne owoce. Oba genotypy mają perspektywę wykorzystania w progra­mach hodowlanych i nasadzeniach produkcyjnych.

The paper presents the most important issues concerning the breeding of apple trees resistant to fire blight, which creates great op­portunities to increase the efficiency of apple fruit production without the use of other protection methods, including the chemical treatment. The phenotypic assessment of susceptibility of apple genotypes to the disease is based on observations on the occurrence of symptoms in field and/or closed facilities, e.g. in the greenhouse. Molecular biology methods, including identification of resistance mark­ers, and biotechnology are valuable tools to accelerate the breeding process. Breeding programs conducted in various research centers around the world use wild species of the genus Malus and commercial cultivars of apple. Apple rootstocks with very high resistance to fire blight (USA) and a number of scab-resistant cultivars, also showing high resistance to the disease (Germany, Switzerland) have already been bred. In recent years cultivar Early Szampion and clone No. 69 (J-2003-05) have been bred in Poland. Both genotypes are characterized by a very high resistance, and produce attractive tasty fruit. They have the prospect of being used in breeding programs and commercial plantings.

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