W pracy przedstawiono przegląd najważniejszych osiągnięć badawczych w zakresie sygnalizacji zagrożenia upraw jabłoni przez parcha jabłoni – najbardziej szkodliwej choroby tego gatunku. Pierwsze kryteria pozwalające wyznaczyć warunki i termin infekcji liści przez Ven­turia inaequalis opracowano w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Kryteria te były następnie weryfikowane i udoskonalane dla najważniejszych re­jonów uprawy jabłoni na świecie. Opracowano różne systemy i modele prognostyczne, których wskazania są pomocne w podejmowaniu decyzji dotyczących prowadzenia ochrony jabłoni przed parchem. Uzyskiwane dane nie zawsze jednak dokładnie wskazują potencjalne zagrożenie i dlatego konieczne jest sprawdzenie przydatności modeli w konkretnych warunkach, a w razie konieczności i możliwości – ich udoskonalenie. Z punktu widzenia praktyki sadowniczej zasadnicze znaczenie ma ustalenie terminów rozpoczęcia i zakończenia wysie­wów zarodników workowych sprawcy choroby, określenie okresów krytycznych oraz terminowe wykonanie zabiegów ochronnych. Na uwagę zasługuje włoski model A-scab, którego niektóre parametry należy skalibrować uwzględniając przydatność w polskich warunkach.

The paper presents a review of the most important research achievements in the field of signaling the threat of apple scab – the most dangerous disease of apple trees. The first criteria for determining the conditions and timing of leaf infection by Venturia inaequalis were developed in the United States. These criteria were then verified and improved for the most important apple growing regions in the world. Various systems and prognostic models have been developed, the indications of which are helpful in making decisions regard­ing the protection of apple trees against scab. However, the data obtained does not always accurately indicate the potential threat, and therefore it is necessary to check the suitability of the models in specific conditions, and if necessary and possible – to improve them. From the point of view of fruit-growing practice, it is essential to set the dates for the start and end of release of ascospores of the dis­ease causing agent, to define infection risk and to perform protective treatments on time. Noteworthy is the Italian model A-scab, some parameters of which should be calibrated taking into account its usefulness in Polish conditions.

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