Nicienie owadobójcze z rodziny Steinernematidae (Filipjev, 1934) i Heterorhabditidae (Poinar, 1976) obejmują ponad 90 gatunkówi związane są symbiotycznie z bakteriami z rodzaju Xenorhabdus (Poinar, 1979) i Photorhabdus (Boemare, 1993). Nicienie te uznane są za obiecujące czynniki biologicznego zwalczania wielu gatunków owadów szkodliwych w uprawach. Nicienie pełnią rolę wektorów, umożli­wiając bakteriom wniknięcie do ciała owada, natomiast bakterie po zabiciu owada zapewniają nicieniom stały dostęp do pożywienia oraz środowisko do rozmnażania. Bakterie Xenorhabdus i Photorhabdus wykazują bliskie pokrewieństwo filogenetyczne, jednak różnią się specyficznością względem żywicieli oraz wytwarzaniem różnych antybiotyków i toksyn owadobójczych. Dzięki tej symbiozie, ze względu na silne właściwości owadobójcze oraz szeroki zakres działania, z powodzeniem zostały wdrożone w programach integrowanej ochrony roślin przed szkodnikami na całym świecie. W pracy przedstawiono przegląd literatury dotyczącej symbiozy między bakteriami a nicienia­mi oraz ich zależność w biologicznej ochronie roślin.

Entomopathogenic nematodes in the family Steinernematidae (Filipjev, 1934) and Heterorhabditidae (Poinar, 1976) include more than 90 species and are symbiotically related to bacteria in the genera Xenorhabdus (Poinar, 1979) and Photorhabdus (Boemare, 1993). These nematodes are recognized as promising agents for biological control of many insect pest species in crops. The nematodes act as vectors, allowing the bacteria to enter the insect’s body, while the bacteria, after killing the insect, provide the nematodes with continued access to food and an environment for reproduction. Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria are closely related phylogenetically, but differ in their host specificity and production of different antibiotics and insecticidal toxins. Due to this symbiosis, they have been successfully implemented in integrated pest management programs around the world due to their strong insecticidal properties and wide range of action. This work presents a review of the symbiosis between bacteria and nematodes and their relationship in biological plant protec­tion.

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