The chemical method plays the most important role in control of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis). However, frequent and improper use of some groups of fungicides has resulted in the development of V. inaequalis strains, that are resistant to commonly used active substances. The resistance of V. inaequalis to benzimidazoles, dodine, ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors, anilino-pyrimidines, as well as strobilurins has been recorded in apple orchards in Poland and many other coutry. The strobilurins are the inhibitors of fungi respiration, and act on oxidoreductase Qo ubiquinone-cytochrome site. It is the highly specific mechanism, controlled by one gene, which favors generation of the resistant forms. So far, two mechanisms of resistance to strobilurins are known in V. inaequalis, G143A mutation in the gene of cytochrome b and alternative respiration (AOX – alternative oxidase), but the greatest role in the expression of resistance is conferred by the gene mutation. The V. inaequalis resistance to strobilurin fungicides has been observed in many countries in the world. The study conducted in 2004–2013 showed that the occurrence of resistant forms of V. inaequalis fungus to strobilurin is common also in Poland. In order to prevent and eliminate the development of resistance, the international organization FRAC (Fungicide Resistance Action Committee) has been disseminating and implementing rules that should effectively reduce the occurrence of resistance.

W zwalczaniu parcha jabłoni (Venturia inaequalis) najważniejszą rolę odgrywa metoda chemiczna. Jednak wielokrotne i często niewłaściwe stosowanie niektórych grup fungicydów skutkuje pojawianiem się form sprawcy choroby odpornych na preparaty. Obecnie, w sadach jabłoniowych zarówno w Polsce, jak i na świecie, zjawisko odporności V. inaequalis dotyczy fungicydów benzimidazolowych, dodynowych, inhibitorów biosyntezy ergosterolu, anilinopirymidynowych, a także strobilurynowych. Strobiluryny należą do grupy inhibitorów procesu oddychania (QoI), a miejscem ich działania jest kompleks oksydoreduktazy Qo ubichinon-cytochrom c grzyba. Jest to mechanizm wysoce specyficzny, kontrolowany przez jeden gen, co sprzyja powstawaniu form odpornych grzyba. Dotychczas u V. inaequalis poznano dwa mechanizmy odporności na strobiluryny, mutację G143A w genie cytochromu b oraz alternatywne oddychanie (AOX – alternative oxidase), przy czym największą rolę w ekspresji odporności przypisuje się mutacji genowej. Odporność V. inaequalis na strobiluryny stwierdzono w wielu krajach na świecie. Przeprowadzone w latach 2004–2013 badania wykazały, że występowanie odpornych form grzyba V. inaequalis na strobiluryny jest zjawiskiem powszechnym także w Polsce. W celu zapobiegania i eliminacji powstawania odporności upowszechniane i wdrażane są zasady określone przez między-narodową organizację FRAC (Fungicide Resistance Action Commitee).

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