W pracy przedstawiono pionierskie badania jednoczesnego oznaczania 7 neonikotynoidów (acetamipryd, chlotianidyna, dinotefuran, imidachlopryd, nitenpyram, tiachlopryd, tiametoksam) w próbkach pszczół, miodu, cieczy gutacyjnej i dziko rosnących roślin miododajnych. W przypadku każdej matrycy zastosowano indywidualne podejście poddając optymalizacji: masę naważki analitycznej, rodzaj rozpuszczalnika ekstrahującego oraz skład sorbentów do oczyszczania. Zastosowanie unikalnych sorbentów do oczyszczania ekstraktów pozwoliło na usunięcie z próbki niepożądanych substancji interferujących, takich jak woski pszczele, lipidy, białka, aminokwasy, cukry, czy hormony roślinne. Identyfikacja analitów oraz ich analiza ilościowa została przeprowadzona techniką chromatografii cieczowej sprzężonej z tandemową spektrometrią mas. Średnie odzyski analizowanych związków mieściły się w akceptowalnych granicach 70–120% z względnym odchyleniem standardowym (RSD) ≤ 20%, poza kilkoma wyjątkami. Opracowane i zwalidowane metody pozwolą wyjaśnić szereg kwestii dotyczących potencjalnie negatywnego wpływu neonikotynoidów na zdrowie pszczół.

The present study discusses the pioneering research of simultaneous determination of 7 neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam) in honey bees, honey, guttation fluid and melliferous weeds samples. An individual approach was applied for each matrix, optimizing: the mass of the analytical sample, the kind of extraction solvent, and the composition of purification sorbents. Application of unique sorbents for purification of extracts enabled removal of interfering substances (i.e. beeswax, lipids, proteins, amino acids, sugars, and plant hormones) from the sample. The identification of analytes and their quantitative analysis has been performed through liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Average recoveries of the compounds under analysis fell within the acceptable range of 70–120%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 20%, except several substances. Developed and validated methods will enable explanation of a number of issues concerning the potential adverse impact of neonicotinoids on honey bee health.

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