The research aimed to evaluate the effect of ploughing and zero tillage soil cultivation on the species diversity of ground-dwelling spiders inhabiting winter rape. During the two-year observation (2012–2013), a total of 887 spiders belonging to 12 families and 38 species were caught in rapeseed crops. Dominated in both soil cultivation variants were spiders of the Linyphiidae family with the most common species Oedothorax apicatus (Black.) and the Lycosidae family with its representative Pardosa agrestis (Westr.). The use of simplifications in the cultivation of winter rape in the form of zero tillage cultivation had a positive effect on both the abundance and species diversity of epigenous spiders.

Celem badań była ocena wpływu orkowej i bezorkowej uprawy gleby na różnorodność gatunkową naziemnych pająków zasiedlających uprawy rzepaku ozimego. Podczas dwuletnich obserwacji (2012–2013) odłowiono w uprawach rzepaku łącznie 887 pająków należących do 12 rodzin i 38 gatunków. W obu wariantach uprawy gleby dominowały pająki z rodziny Linyphiidae z najczęściej występującym gatunkiem Oedothorax apicatus (Black.) oraz pająki z rodziny Lycosidae, z jej przedstawicielem Pardosa agrestis (Westr.). Stosowanie uproszczeń w uprawie rzepaku ozimego w postaci uprawy bezorkowej wpłynęło dodatnio zarówno na liczebność, jak i różnorodność gatunkową pająków epigeicznych.

Barber H.S. 1931. Traps for cave-inhabiting insects. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 46 (2): 259–266.

Büchs W., Felsmann D., Schlein O. 2007. Predators as biological control agents in winter oilseed rape fields – results on predators from the EU-Project MASTER. Proceedings of the 12th International Rapeseed Congress, Plant protection: Pests, Vol. 4: 280–283.

Downie I.S., Ribera I., McCracken D.I., Wilson W.L., Foster G.N., Waterhouse A., Abernethy V.J., Murphy K.J. 2000. Modelling populations of Erigone atra and E. dentipalpis (Araneae: Linyphiidae) across an agricultural gradient in Scotland. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 80 (1–2): 15–28. DOI: 10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00130-4

Drapela T., Frank T., Heer X., Moser D., Zaller J.G. 2011. Landscape structure affects activity density, body size and fecundity of Pardosa wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) in winter oilseed rape. European Journal of Entomology 108 (4): 609–614. DOI: 10.14411/eje.2011.079

Drapela T., Moser D., Zaller J.G., Frank T. 2008. Spider assemblages in winter oilseed rape affected by landscape and site factors. Ecography 31 (2): 254–262. DOI: 10.1111/j.0906-7590.2008.5250.x

Duffey E. 1978. Ecological strategies in spiders including some characteristics of species in pioneer and mature habitats. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 42: 109–123.

Entling M.H., Stämpfli K., Ovaskainen O. 2011. Increased propensity for aerial dispersal in disturbed habitats due to intraspecific variation and species turnover. Oikos 120 (7): 1099–1109. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.19186.x

Frank T., Drapela T., Moser D., Zaller J.G. 2010. Insect Pests and Spiders in Oilseed Rape and Their Response to Site and Landscape Factors. s. 285–304. W: Biocontrol-Based Integrated Management of Oilseed Rape Pests (I.H. Williams, red.). Springer, Netherlands, 461 ss. ISBN 978-90-481-3982-8. DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-3983-5

Gallé R., Császár P., Makra T., Gallé-Szpisjak N., Ladányi Z., Torma A., Ingle K., Szilassi P. 2018. Small-scale agricultural landscapes promote spider and ground beetle densities by offering suitable overwintering sites. Landscape Ecology 33: 1435–1446. DOI: 10.1007/s10980-018-0677-1

Hänggi A., Stoeckli E., Nentwig W. 1995. Habitats of Central European Spiders. Miscellanea Faunistica Helvetiae 4. Musée d’Histoire Naturelle de Neuchatel, 460 ss. ISBN 978-288-414-00-89

Holland J.M., Reynolds C.J.M. 2003. The impact of soil cultivation on arthropod (Coleoptera and Araneae) emergence on arable land. Pedobiologia 47 (2): 181–191. DOI: 10.1078/0031-4056-00181

Jõgar K., Metspalu L., Hiiesaar K. 2004a. Abudance and dynamics of wolf spiders (Lycosidae) in different plant communities. Agronomy Research 2 (2): 145–152.

Jõgar K., Võõbus H., Metspalu L., Hiiesaar K. 2004b. Spiders (Araneae) in summer oilseed rape, wheat and clover fields. Latvian Journal of Agronomy 7: 20–25.

Kosewska A. 2016. Conventional and non-inversion tillage systems as a factor causing changes in ground beetle (Col. Carabidae) assemblages in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) fields. Periodicum Biologorum 118 (3): 231–239. DOI: 10.18054/pb.2016.118.3.4074

Kosewska A. 2018. Porównanie zgrupowań biegaczowatych (Coleoptera, Carabidae) w orkowej i bezorkowej uprawie zbóż. [Comparison of ground beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) assemblages in tillage and no-tillage cultivation of cereals crop]. Progress in Plant Protection 58 (1): 40–48. DOI: 10.14199/ppp-2018-005

Nentwig W., Blick T., Gloor D., Hänggi A., Kropf C. 2020. Spiders of Europe. www.araneae.unibe.ch. [dostęp: 30.06.2020].

Nyffeler M., Sunderland K.D. 2003. Composition, abundance and pest control potential of spider communities in agroecosystems: a comparison of European and US studies. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment 95 (2–3): 579–612. DOI: 10.1016/S0167-8809-(02)00181-0

Öberg S., Cassel-Lundhagen A., Ekbom B. 2011. Pollen beetles are consumed by ground- and foliage-dwelling spiders in winter oilseed rape. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 138 (3): 256–262. DOI: 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01098.x

Piper R., Williams I. 2004. Incidence and feeding activity of epigeic, predatory invertebrates within winter oilseed rape in the UK with comparisons between integrated and conventional crop management. Integrated Protection in Oilseed Crops IOBC/WPRS Bulletin 27 (10): 281–288.

Samu F., Szinetár C. 2002. On the nature of agrobiont spiders. The Journal of Arachnology 30 (2): 389–402. DOI: 10.1636/0161-8202-(2002)030[0389:OTNOAS]2.0.CO;2

Schmidt M.H., Roschewitz I., Thies C., Tscharntke T. 2005. Differential effects of landscape and management on diversity and density of ground-dwelling farmland spiders. Journal of Applied Ecology 42 (2): 281–287. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01014.x

Sunderland K.D. 1999. Mechanisms underlying the effects of spiders on pests populations. The Journal of Arachnology 27 (1): 308–316. DOI: 10.2307/3706002

Symondson W.O.C., Sunderland K.D., Greenstone H.M. 2002. Can generalist predators be effective biocontrol agents? Annual Review of Entomology 47: 561–594. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145240

Topa E., Sądej W., Bubienko K. 2010. Zadrzewienie śródpolne ostoją pająków Araneae w agrocenozie. [Field groves as refuge of spiders Araneae in agrocenosis]. Progress in Plant Protection/Postępy w Ochronie Roślin 50 (4): 2017–2023.

Twardowski J. 2010. Wpływ uproszczeń w uprawie roli pod pszenicę ozimą na zgrupowania stawonogów epigeicznych i glebowych. Monografia. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego we Wrocławiu, 141 ss.