Rośliny rolnicze i ich produkty stanowią ważny element diety każdego człowieka. Obok niezbędnych i cennych substancji budulcowych i energetycznych mogą zawierać substancje toksyczne powstające podczas uprawy, zbioru, przetwarzania, przechowywania i transportu. W grupie naturalnych toksyn można wyróżnić alkaloidy stanowiące pierwotne metabolity wytwarzane przez rośliny oraz mykotoksyny będące wtórnymi metabolitami grzybów pleśniowych. Do syntetycznych substancji należą zanieczyszczenia pozostałościami środków ochrony roślin. Alkaloidy występują w wielu gatunkach roślin rolniczych m.in. Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Leguminosae i Solanaceae, a najczęściej spotykanymi alkaloidami są atropina i skopolamina m.in. w produktach zbożowych, herbatach ziołowych i warzywach strączkowych. Mykotoksyny są produkowane przez trzy rodzaje grzybów pleśniowych – Aspergillus, Penicillium i Fusarium. Regularnie występują w zbożach i paszach oraz ziołach np. aflatoksyna B1, ochratoksyna A, trichoteceny. Pozostałości substancji czynnych środków ochrony roślin wykrywane z największą częstotliwością to fungicydy np. boskalid, imazalil, fludioksonil oraz insektycydy np. acetamipryd, w głównej mierze w owocach, rzadziej w warzywach. Przedmiotem pracy była meta-analiza publikacji naukowych dotycząca naturalnych i syntetycznych substancji toksycznych w zakresie ich charakterystyki oraz występowania w roślinach rolniczych i produktach rolniczych.

Agricultural plants and their products is an important element of human diet. They are eagerly consumed and used in addition to necessary and valuable building and energy substances may contain toxic substances arising during cultivation, harvesting, processing, storage and transport. In the group of natural toxins, alkaloids are the primary metabolites produced by plants and mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of mold fungi. Synthetic substances are pesticide residues. Alkaloids are found in many range of agricultural plant species, including Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Leguminosae and Solanaceae, and the most common alcaloids are atropine and scopolamine, e.g. in cereal products, herbal teas and legumes. Mycotoxins are produced by three types of fungis – Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. Regularly are found in cereals and feeds and herbs, e.g. aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, trichothecenes. The pesticide residues detected with the highest freqency are fungicides, e.g. boscalid, imazalil, fludioxonil and insecticides, e.g. acetamiprid, mainly in fruit, less often in vegetables. The subject of the work was a meta-analysis of scientific publications regarding natural and synthetic toxic substances in terms of their characteristics and occurrence in agricultrual plants and their products.

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