Celem pracy była ocena wpływu stosowania środków ochrony roślin na ekosystem wody słodkiej, w produkcji kukurydzy na ziarno w różnych systemach uprawy roli. Analizy wykonano na podstawie danych dotyczących chemicznej ochrony kukurydzy w uprawie płużnej, uproszczonej i siewie bezpośrednim. Dane pozyskano z 15 wybranych gospodarstw rolnych, położonych w województwie wielkopolskim. Badania przeprowadzono zgodnie z metodologią oceny cyklu życia. Za pomocą modelu PestLCI 2.08 określono emisje do środowiska pochodzące ze stosowania środków ochrony roślin. Obliczone wielkości emisji wykorzystano do oceny potencjalnej ekotoksyczności dla wody słodkiej z zastosowaniem modelu USEtox 2.02. Stwierdzono, że we wszystkich systemach uprawy największy strumień emisji substancji czynnych do środowiska stanowiła ilość substancji dostępnych do wymywania i spływu powierzchniowego, a następnie emisje do powietrza i wód gruntowych. Głównym źródłem emisji ze stosowanych środków ochrony roślin były herbicydy. W gospodarstwach z produkcją kukurydzy na ziarno w siewie bezpośrednim, w związku z większym wykorzystaniem herbicydów, obserwowano większe zagrożenie toksycznego działania na ekosystem wody słodkiej niż w gospodarstwach z uprawą płużną i uproszczoną.

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the use of plant protection products on the freshwater ecosystem in the production of maize for grain in different soil tillage systems. The analyzes were performed on the basis of data on chemical protection of maize in conventional tillage, reduced tillage and direct sowing. The data were obtained from 15 selected farms located in the Wielkopolskie Voivodeship. The studies were conducted in accordance with the life cycle assessment methodology. Using the PestLCI 2.08 model, emissions to the environment from the use of plant protection products were determined. The calculated emissions were used to assess the freshwater ecotoxicity potential using the USEtox 2.02 model. It was found that in all soil tillage systems, the largest stream of emissions of active substances to the environment was the amount of substances available for leaching and surface runoff, followed by emissions to air and emissions to groundwater. Herbicides were the main source of emissions from plant protection products used. A greater threat of toxic effects on the freshwater ecosystem was observed on farms producing maize for grain in direct sowing due to the greater use of herbicides than on farms with conventional and reduced tillage.

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